Part V, "Rethinking Identity", focuses on how beliefs are related to identity.
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And she gives suggestions on how to engage productively with differing viewpoints. She recommends paying attention to things that are confusing or don't seem to make sense, as they may be evidence of mistaken assumptions. She advises reacting to evidence that one is wrong by updating one's beliefs rather than seeing the incorrect belief as a failure. In Part IV, "Changing Your Mind", Galef outlines strategies for making it easier to change one's mind. Galef says that self-deception is sometimes seen as valuable for staying happy, coping with difficult situations, motivating oneself, or influencing others, but she argues that there are effective ways to accomplish these goals without sacrificing good judgement. Part III, "Thriving Without Illusions", argues that the supposed benefits of overconfidence and self-deception are not convincing reasons to shy away from a scout mindset. Galef gives examples of what does and does not indicate a scout mindset, suggests ways to notice and counteract bias, and outlines strategies for quantifying and labeling levels of confidence. Part II, "Developing Self-Awareness", discusses ways to examine one's own mindset. Galef lists several benefits of the soldier mindset, but argues that people tend to systematically underestimate the value of the scout mindset. Part I, "The Case for Scout Mindset", describes the "scout mindset", a style of thinking that is focused on earnestly seeking the truth, and contrasts it with the "soldier mindset", a style of thinking that is focused on defending one's existing beliefs. The book is divided into five parts, with an introduction and a conclusion. The book was published on April 13, 2021, by Portfolio, a division of Penguin. She worked on the book for five years before it was published, because she wanted it to be supported by evidence, and because her views on the topic changed while researching and writing about it. But in 2016 she left the organization, feeling that her work there was not accomplishing as much as she wanted, and started writing The Scout Mindset. In 2012, Galef co-founded the Center for Applied Rationality, an organization focused on educating people about rationality and cognitive bias. Galef contrasts this with a "soldier mindset", which she says is a natural tendency to use motivated reasoning to defend one's existing beliefs instead of being open to changing them. The scout mindset emphasizes curiosity, unbiased truth-seeking, and facing reality, even if that reality is unexpected. In the book, Galef argues for what she calls a scout mindset: "the motivation to see things as they are, not as you wish they were". With fascinating examples ranging from how to survive an emergency, to how Jeff Bezos avoids overconfidence, to Obama’s way of coping with risk, to Reddit threads and modern partisan politics, Galef explores why our brains deceive us and what we can do to change the way we think.The Scout Mindset: Why Some People See Things Clearly and Others Don't is a 2021 non-fiction book by Julia Galef. It’s a handful of emotional skills, habits, and ways of looking at the world-which anyone can learn.
Galef’s insight is that what makes scouts better at getting things right isn’t that they’re smarter or more knowledgeable than everyone else.
Regardless of what they hope to be the case, above all, the scout wants to know what’s actually true. It’s to go out, survey the territory, and come back with as accurate a map as possible. A scout’s goal isn’t to defend one side over the other. Instead, Galef argues, if we want to get things right more often, we should train ourselves to have a “scout” mindset.
We have what Julia Galef calls a “soldier” mindset: the drive to defend ideas we want to believe, and shoot down those we don’t. From tribalism in politics, to wishful thinking and rationalizing in our personal lives, humans are natural-born motivated reasoners.
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